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What (who) is pyridine - definition
![Oxidation of an alcohol to aldehyde with the [[Collins reagent]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alcohol oxidation with Collins reagent.svg?width=200 "Oxidation of an alcohol to aldehyde with the [[Collins reagent]]")
![Bond lengths and angles of benzene, pyridine, [[phosphorine]], [[arsabenzene]], [[stibabenzene]], and [[bismabenzene]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bond lengths of group 15 heterobenzenes and benzene.svg?width=200 "Bond lengths and angles of benzene, pyridine, [[phosphorine]], [[arsabenzene]], [[stibabenzene]], and [[bismabenzene]]")
![structure of the [[Crabtree's catalyst]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crabtree.svg?width=200 "structure of the [[Crabtree's catalyst]]")
![[[Hantzsch pyridine synthesis]] with acetoacetate, formaldehyde and [[ammonium acetate]], and [[iron(III) chloride]] as the oxidizer.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hantzsch pyridine synthesis.svg?width=200 "[[Hantzsch pyridine synthesis]] with acetoacetate, formaldehyde and [[ammonium acetate]], and [[iron(III) chloride]] as the oxidizer.")
![Additions of various [[Lewis acid]]s to pyridine](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pyridine-complex.svg?width=200 "Additions of various [[Lewis acid]]s to pyridine")
![Reduction of pyridine to piperidine with [[Raney nickel]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pyridine hydrogenation.png?width=200 "Reduction of pyridine to piperidine with [[Raney nickel]]")
![Thomas Anderson]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ThomasAnderson(1819-1874).jpg?width=200 "Thomas Anderson]]")
![2,2'-[[bipyridine]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2,2'-Bipyridine.svg?width=200 "2,2'-[[bipyridine]]")
![pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid ([[dipicolinic acid]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dipicolinic acid.svg?width=200 "pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid ([[dipicolinic acid]])")
![General form of the [[pyridinium]] cation](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PyridiniumVerbindungen.svg?width=200 "General form of the [[pyridinium]] cation")
Wikipedia
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Pyridine is colorless, but older or impure samples can appear yellow, due to the formation of extended, unsaturated polymeric chains, which show significant electrical conductivity. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Historically, pyridine was produced from coal tar. As of 2016, it is synthesized on the scale of about 20,000 tons per year worldwide.
